I trust you had a wonderful Christmas holiday surrounded by your family and friends.

In between trips, I will try to post new mammal, reptile, insect and birds categories. This is a perpetual quest to not only expand the diversity of wildlife categories but also to improve the quality of the images and attempt to show the inter-relatedness of the wildlife. Of course the only way to do this is to get into the bush. It is Christmas time so bush trips must wait until the new year. I have been very privileged to have gone on a number of photographic trips in 2013 – it was a good year. The photography was fantastic but I know it will get better next year.

In the meantime, I am adding three new categories – all ground birds.

Coursers

The first category is Coursers. These birds look a bit like Pratincoles with long legs. There are five species of Courser in southern Africa. The Bronze-winged and Three-banded Coursers are nocturnal and the Double-banded Courser operates both during the day and night. These birds tend to run rather than fly when disturbed. These are terrestrial birds and have long legs which enable them to run down their prey. They prefer open, hot open areas probably because they are mainly insect feeders. As with many terrestrial birds they have no rear toe so they cannot perch.

Temminck’s Courser

The Temminck’s Courser is the smallest of the five and does tend to feed during the day. Like many ground birds, the colouring on its back is cryptic (well camouflaged) so when disturbed it turns its back to the disturbance to minimise detection.

Temminck’s Courser in Mashatu

Temminck’s Courser in Mashatu

Three-banded Courser

The other Courser I have seen in Mashatu is the Three -banded Courser. This terrestrial bird is nocturnal. The next two images were taken around 9h00 in the mornings so we probably disturbed them as the pair were settling down for the day. The first image is of the male who was very sleepy but stayed some distance away from the female who was protecting her nest. The male looked to be trying to distract us away from the nest.

Male Double-banded Courser in Mashatu

The female remained at the nest

Female Double-banded Courser protecting her eggs in Mashatu

The female was protecting her single egg for us but  probably also from the sun – it was very hot even at mid-morning. The egg was very well camouflaged and could only be seen with a long lens. In fact, the egg is often buried under soft material possibly to protect it from the sun and hide it from predators such as mongooses, genets, servals and snakes such as boomslangs and egg-eaters, The egg, if seen, Harrier-hawks or Sparrowhawks will also predate on the egg.

The chicks tend to be precocial when they hatch, meaning they are able to feed themselves from birth. Coursers tend to lay one egg at a time rather than a whole clutch, but will lay a single egg three to four times a year. This presumably increases the egg and chick’s survival rate.

When I manage to capture reasonable images of Burchell’s and Bronze-winged Coursers, I will include them in the Courser category.

I find the diversity of predominately terrestrial birds intriguing as they join the cranes, bustard and Korhaans. Coursers are very good fliers but take to the air when necessary for new feeding grounds or to avoid attack.

Korhaans

There are seven Korhaans in southern Africa. There are the Red-crested, White-bellied, Southern Black and Northern Black, Blue, Ruppells and Karoo Korhaans. Like the Courser and Bustard, the Korhaan tends to prefer open grassland and semi-arid areas. They are essentially terrestrial. Most of the Korhaans are classified as common, with the exception of the White-bellied which can be found in the mid and eastern part of South Africa.  Korhaans tend to be more colourful than the Bustards, especially on their bellies and heads but their backs are cryptically coloured for camouflage. There is sexual dimorphism not in size but colouring. The males tend to have much more colourful necks and heads than their females.

Red-crested Korhaan

The next image is of a female Red-crested Korhaan. Usually they will turn their backs to you to improve their camouflage.

Red-crested Korhaan in Mashatu

It is always a great challenge and elicits much mirth among fellow wildlife enthusiasts when I try to photograph the male’s aerial display. The lack of aerial display images will attest to my success. When displaying, the male flies up into the air about 20 metres and then freefall to the ground, as if shot . This behaviour is extremely difficult to photograph because you cannot predict where and when the male will jet out of the bush to begin his impressive display.

Red-crested Korhaan in Mashatu

The next two images are of two different female Red-crested Korhaans. The females look similar to those of the Northern Black Korhaan but they do not have the red-beak of the Northern Black Korhaan. The image also shows the three forward pointing toes, typical of ground birds adapted for walking and running. Without a back toe it cannot grip to perch.

The next image is a male Red-crested Korhaan in Kruger park in January last year. The male is distinguished from the female as it has two white breast patches at the base of its throat as opposed to a continuous white collar in the female. He was well hidden until he started calling.

The name Korhaan comes from the Afrikaans/Dutch origin comprising korren meaning ‘cooing’ and haan meaning ‘cock’.

Bustards

There are four Bustards in southern Africa, the Kori, Denhams, Ludwigs and Black-belled (previously classified as a Korhaan) Bustard. These large birds can be seen mainly in open bushveld and semi-arid grasslands. These are also a predominately terrestrial birds which can fly when they need to, though their flights seem just to get them out of danger.

Kori Bustard

The Kori Bustard is this the largest flying bird in southern Africa. Both the male and female are clearly distinguished by their large size and crest on the back of their heads but have is clear sexual dimorphism. This means a difference in form between male and female members of the same species. At around 12 kilograms the male is about twice the weight and about 25% larger than the female. Being much bigger and having marked ornamentation, the male is built for show. The male has a throat pouch which it inflates during courting displays. The courting display looks like that of a Black-belled Bustard with its throat puffed out, wings dropped and tail lifted up and fanned out. The males can get tangled in savage territorial fights. Well-known wildlife photographer Daryl Balfour published, in the June/July 2011 Bird & Birding magazine, an unusual sequence of images of two male Kori Bustards fighting in the Masai Mara. Koris tend to be secretive so those images were exceptional.

Male Kori Bustard in Mashatu

Given the size and territoriality, there tend to be a few dominant males which breed. After mating, the females are left to look after the eggs. The female is materially smaller than the male but the colouring is not much different. Only if they were walking close together could you tell the difference.

Being essentially terrestrial birds, they have similar features to the Korhaans and Coursers, having no rear toe so they cannot perch in trees. They also lay one to two eggs in a scrape in the ground. The egg shape looks to be oval with no need for the pyriform shape to keep them in the nest as there are so few eggs. The eggs are well camouflaged for protection. The chicks are also precocial.

The Kori Bustard walks in slow measured strides and always seems to be looking at you with the ‘beady’ eye. If you are lucky you might see one taking a sand bath to get rid of parasites.

Kori Bustard lying among the rocks near the Chudob waterhole in Etosha

When we were in Etosha, I was surprised to see Koris lying down in amongst the rocks near the waterhole until it put its head down, then it was obvious, its camouflage was superb.

I wish you a 2014 filled with interesting trips and fascinating people. I hope you gain new insights, new understandings, and your plans turn out much better than even you expect.

Sic Itur Ad Astra

Have fun,

Mike

The uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park protects Africa’s highest mountain range south of Kilimanjaro. The Maluti-Drakensberg Park is a transfrontier reserve comprising the Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg National Park in South Africa and the Sehlathebe National Park in  Lesotho. This park is largely a mountain range consisting of basalt buttresses, cutbacks and golden sandstone ramparts. In its lower reaches, commonly called the ‘lower berg’, there are wonderful hikes through rolling foothills, mountain streams, rock pools and caves. This is one place where the clouds at times gently caresses those buttresses and ramparts and at other times violently strikes them with thunderbolts of lightning and saturates them with rain.

In 2000, this transfrontier park became the fourth site in South Africa to be granted World Heritage status by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco). SA is home to seven Unesco World Heritage sites, places of “outstanding value to humanity”. Internationally, there are 812 World Heritage sites, in 137 countries. Africa has 65 of these sites and South Africa seven. Three of these are cultural sites and three natural and this park is a mix of both. The Drakensberg, because of its remarkable and ancient geology and elevation is home to some of the rarest flora and fauna in the world,  and the richest and most concentrated incidence of rock art south of the Sahara. There are some 600 bushman painting sites in the Drakensberg.

Among the park’s 48 species of mammal are the threatened Eland and endemic grey Rhebuck. It has the largest groups of clawless and spotted neck Otters in South Africa. Easy pickings at Giant’s Castle vulture hide will ensure you will see Black-backed Jackal  Some times these Jackals have to fight the Cape Vultures for their share of those pickings.

Unesco describes the park’s natural heritage as “exceptional natural beauty in its soaring basaltic buttresses, incisive dramatic cutbacks and golden sandstone ramparts. Rolling high altitude grasslands, pristine steep-sided river valleys and rocky gorges contribute to the beauty of the site”.  It  stretches 150 kilometres from Royal Natal National Park in the north to Cobham Forest Station in the south.

Both the Zulu name uKhahlamba – barrier of spears – and the Afrikaans name Drakensberg – dragon mountains – aptly describe the massive horizon created by the range. The Drakensberg is composed of basalt capping a sandstone base.  Originally this area was an enormous inland lake. The sediments of mud and sand were deposited for millions of years into the vast central swamp.  As the supercontinent of Gondwanaland began to crack and drift apart, massive lava flows were generated. These lava flows stopped about 140-million years ago. Since then, erosion has sculpted the mountains, forming the imposing peaks and steep-sided valleys we see today.

Unesco goes on to describe this area as “Rolling high altitude grasslands, the pristine steep-sided river valleys and rocky gorges which contributes to its beauty. The site’s diversity of habitats protects a high level of endemic and globally threatened species, especially birds and plants.”

This time of the year the weather in the ‘Dragon Mountains’ can be mercurial with temperatures varying between zero and 17 degrees centigrade in mid-summer. The weather can change so quickly that hikers need to be well prepared. Mother nature can be very beguiling but up there she can also be a hard task master.

Giant’s Castle reserve located in the southern part of the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg transfrontier park gets its name form the silhouette of peaks and escarpment with looks like the profile of a sleeping giant.

I hope you found this post interesting. It is worthwhile to stop and reflect on the richness of the country in which we live. It  will continue to exist long beyond our transitory human affairs changes. We do though have an intergenerational responsibility to preserve its richness for our children and their children to enjoy.

In the end, our society will be defined not only by what we create, but what we refuse to destroy.”

 John Sawhill.

Seek to understand, marvel at its inter-connectedness and then let it be.

Have fun,

Mike 

Our recent trip to Giant’s Castle in the Dragon Mountains, which the Zulus call the “barrier of spears”, was mainly to see unusual raptors such as Bearded Vultures and Cape Vultures. The best place to see these raptors is from the Vulture’s Hide in the Giant’s Castle Reserve.

“Chasing angels or fleeing demons, go to the mountains.”

 ―Jeffrey Rasley

You will be constantly reminded of the richness of our natural diversity in this great land. Yes, if you are fortunate you will see bearded giants soaring among the castles. You will also see unexpected little gems in the Giant’s Castle.

No this is not a ‘Jack in the Beanstalk’ story and where geese lay golden eggs, or least I could not find any, but there were little avian gems all around.

One such gem is the Red-winged Starling. They frequented both the resort and the hide. The Starlings loved the fat on the bones at the Vulture’s hide. They were no competition for the raptors or the Ravens but got their fill through persistence.

The males have an iridescent black plumage with chestnut-red tips to their flight feathers. Why Mother Nature chose to paint their wingtips red only she knows. Both the males and females have red on the secondary feather wingtips. The females are distinguished from their males by their greyish heads. These are gregarious birds and appear to form pairs. Red-winged Starlings are known to behave like Oxpeckers feeding on ticks and parasites on game.

This starling is a cliff nester, breeding on rocky cliffs, outcrops and gorges. The Red-winged Starling builds a lined nest of grass and twigs, and with a mud base, on a natural or structural ledge.

The one rule in bird life is that size counts. There were many birds busy around the hide. The Familiar Chats were very active but always got out if the way of the Starlings. These cute but nondescript Chats were remarkably successful bug and worm hunters.

The Familiar Chat is typically seen sitting on a rock. It has a habit of flicking its wings once or twice every time it moves – very chat-like. The Afrikaans name for this species “spekvreter” means “fat-eater”, a name given to it by the Voortrekkers because it was in the habit of feeding on the lard used by the trekkers to grease their wagon axles. The fat on the bones was presumably one of the reasons why we found this little birds at the Vulture’s hide and not at the resort.

Being in the chatting mood, another Chat which was very active around the hide was the Buff-streaked Chat.

There was only one pair at the hide and were instantly recognisable because the male has such striking colouring.

I was very surprised to see male and female Malachite Sunbirds up on the cliff edge around the hide. In fact, many Sunbirds frequented the bushes around the hide. These little characters added an exotic tone to the assortment of large and small birds we found while ‘hiding’. The Malachite Sunbird is found as high as 2,800m in hilly fynbos and aloe areas, and cool montane and coastal scrub. I have also seen Malachite Sunbirds at Qwantini at Sterkfontein dam and friends in Noordhoek in the Cape Pennisula have a pair nesting next to their patio. These Sunbirds are both nectar feeders and prey on insects. Being quite big it usually does not do the ‘hummingbird hovering’ trick but perches on an adjacent branch or stem.

I think these are one of the most extra-ordinarily beautiful Sunbirds. That iridescent green is simply exquisite. Having Zimbabwe roots, I am reminded of the exquisite green of the Sandawana Emeralds.  The female Malachite Sunbird is delicate but does not carry the magnificent plumage of the male.

In the lulls when there were no birds to photograph there were flowers – its called abundance. The Drakensberg Watsonia is a perennial which produces these gorgeous pink flowers.  It is normally found singly in the montane grasslands  in the Drakensberg and Maluti mountains.  I don’t know what the tall stem of blue flowers is.  Part of the beauty is just looking at the delicate colours and not trying to classify it with a name. Blue is an uncommon colour in birds and flowers in the wild. 

We came across many Cape birds even though we were in KwaZulu Natal. The next image is of a Cape Canary. A pretty little seed-eater with the typical canary-type brimstone yellow but with grey tinges on the back of its head and neck and under the wings. This little see-eater was seen along the road about six or seven kilometres before the resort. It was in a small flock of five or six birds.

Yes, we found weavers around the castles but not at the hides – sounds a bit ‘Harry Potterish’!!. These yellow gems happened to be Cape Weavers and they were around the lodges at the Giant’s Castle Resort. This weaver builds a coarsely woven nest and does so in groups to form a loose colony.

Another little gem, a real songbird was the Cape Robin-Chat. This Robin-chat is distinguished by its orange throat and grey breast. These are very melodious songsters who can always be heard at dawn and dusk.

If you were active around your room at the resort these little characters will come and join you. Presumably you disturb the insects and worms for them. They seem to have short flights preferring to rummage around in the underground much like Boubou Shrikes.

A popular guest at the lodge was this female Southern Boubou. The male has white on his throat and breast and has a glossier black back. The female has a white throat with a buff coloured breast and underparts. The best thing about these shrike-like birds is that they are wonderful songsters. They sing in duets and have a wide range of songs. These birds like to hop around in the bushes and underground and don’t often come out into the open. This makes photographing them a case of watching what they do for a few days before setting up to capture some images. These are common birds but tricky to get decent images of them.

Unlike the true shrikes, which perch conspicuously in the open, the Southern Boubou prefers to forage in dense vegetation close to the ground, a habit which has led to its being called shy and skulking.

The ubiquitous Black-eyed Bulbul was ever-present. Another bird which is very vocal especially when alarmed.

Yet another unusual bird found at Giant’s Castle was the Cape Rock Thrush. We saw them both at the resort and hide. The male has a slate grey head and rusty orange breast and the female has a brown head and orange breast.

Many castles and some well-known towers (in yonder lands) have Ravens. Giant’s Castle is no exception. We did not see any crows but the White necked Ravens were evident around the resort and at the hide. These are not little gems but big and aggressive birds. They have voracious appetites and went for both the fat and meat on the bones near the hide.

I hope you got a sense of the rich variety of birds you can see in Giant’s Castle. The scenery in this part of the world is spectacular and at this time of the year the mountainsides are a verdant green.

“A free bird leaps on the back of the wind
and floats downstream till the current ends
and dips his wing in the orange suns rays and dares to claim the sky.

The free bird thinks of another breeze
and the trade winds soft through the sighing trees
and the fat worms waiting on a dawn-bright lawn and he names the sky his own”.

Maya Angelou

I hope you enjoyed the little gems.

Seek to understand nature, marvel at its interconnectedness and then let it be.

Have fun,

Mike